A methodological innovation of the generalized methods of moments is employed to assess the feasibility and timing of the revolution. The fact that the social scientific research on the middle east failed to predict the arab spring serves as a starting point of the analysis. Mainly, based on qualitative research methods, the authors turn their attention towards the first digital revolution in the arab world through social networks facebook and twitter, now recognized as important tools for social media, which managed. The book begins with an examination of the process of democratization and its impediments in the arab world since the second world war. Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. The middle east a geographic preface, in understanding the middle east edited by jillian. The arab spring has shown that there is an excessive and extensive need and demand for the rule of democracy as well as exercise of civil rights from within all the countries that have been included within the arab spring phenomenon and thus we see revolutions surfacing in all major regions like tunisia, libya, egypt.
Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Since 1922, the council has published foreign affairs, americas most influential publication on international affairs and foreign policy. Ibima publishing the role of public diplomacy in arab. The arab springs impact on the middle east has been profound, even if in many places its final outcome might not become clear for at least a generation. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall. Yet, the aim of this contribution is neither a collective selfaccusation nor apologia. Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya. This oneday workshop brought together several groups of researchers.
The arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. The purpose of the study is to give an analysis of the humanitarian situation and the case of human rights in syria after the events of the arab spring. A comprehensive look at how 2011 shaped the middle east. Within a few months, a wave of protest had swept away the despots of tunisia, egypt and libya. In this landmark book, hamid dabashi argues that the revolutionary uprisings that have engulfed multiple countries and political climes from morocco to iran and from syria to yemen, are driven by a delayed defiance a point of rebellion against domestic tyranny and globalized. The arab spring protests that swept through the middle east and north africa in january of 2011 took just a month to reach libya. Stagnation and stalemate where the arab spring began. This pioneering elucidation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. It is more than a magazine it is the international forum of choice for the most important new ideas, analysis, and debate on the most significant issues in the world. Youth frustration and the arab spring 3 mohammed bouazizi, the young street vendor who set himself ablaze in public in late 2010, did not intend to start a revolution in tunisia.
Pdf demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. As a result of the conflicts the arab spring, the lives of the populations in the during region have been arguably improved through measures towards democratization and by the fall of authoritarian regimes. The arab spring uprisings of 2011 resulted in peoples revolutions in the middle. Demystifying gray zone conflict 1 about this report. It then looks at the conditions that led to the upsurge of the socalled arab spring. Finally, it underscores womens role as participants, organizers, leaders, but also as victims. This concept is used as an indication to a wide range of uprisings in the middle east and north africa mena region during the past two years. Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson lisa anderson is president of the american university in cairo 1. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring.
Parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya article pdf available in foreign affairs council on foreign relations 903. This paper argues that we ought to understand the arab spring as transformative revolutionary movement, but one that will be faced with numerous bumps in the road ahead. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. Popular protests have led to the overthrow of regimes in tunisia and egypt.
Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson in tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution. Koven, senior researcher at the national consortium for the study. Arab spring is an ongoing wave of demonstrations and protests in the arab world, which began in december 2010. Taking power through technology in the arab spring. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment. The case of the arab spring, chiefly egypt and saudi arabia, shows the power of stable economies and ultimately wealth. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. To politically analyze the neverending arab spring, is a difficult task today as the arab spring continues to.
Authoritarianism and democratization in the arab world. Experts and observers even suggested that this revolution is the biggest event since the cold war. The empirical evidence reveals that from a projection date of. The paper examines whether the arab spring phenomenon was predictable by complete elimination in the dispersion of core demands for better governance, more jobs, and stable consumer prices. Parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya created date. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. Issue brief aftermath of the arab spring in north africa exports, and 98 percent of government revenues. The 2011 arab spring uprisings quickly reached libya and resulted in the demise of colonel muammar al.
Muhamad olimat arab spring and arab women world of digitals. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. Pdf effects of the arab spring on the middle east and. Rather, it shall discuss which aspects of the arab spring took. While saudi arabia is extraordinarily wealthy through oil exports see a macroeconomic analysis of oil, egypt is in devout poverty living on public assistance from the united states. Protests that spread across the region in early 2011 started a longterm process of political and social transformation, marked in the initial stages primarily by political turbulence, economic difficulties, and even conflict. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and. Arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications. It is too optimistic to think that existing dilemmas can be easily resolved in this new and changing environment, but the arab spring may provide strong momentum for change. Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. Applying the game theory, the writer argues that the success of political reform there will be determined by the role of external powers due to the reason that all. Parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya.
This pioneering explanation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought. Taking power through technology in the arab spring iran. He certainly could not have foreseen that he would motivate the peoples of the arab world1 to seek social change in the collection of demonstrations.
When security forces in benghazi opened fire on demonstrators in february, the fuse was lit on a powder keg, which resulted from four decades of dictatorial rule by colonel muammar alqaddafi. In tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution. The arab spring as a challenge to political science. Tunisia and morocco are different in that they are more diversified and depend on agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and mining. The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment.
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